Belgravia is the name on every Londoner’s lips, thanks to Julian Fellowes’s recent TV series of the same name. Carla Passino delves into the affluent district’s history.
On August 10, 1784, a thick crowd gathered in Five Fields, an open valley on the western outskirts of London, to watch an adventurer, the Chevalier de Moret, take to the skies with his hot-air balloon. People roared in excitement as the fire was lit up, but their enthusiasm quickly turned to rage when the balloon, painted gold and filled with artificial flowers for added spectacle, failed to inflate.
They didn’t take the failure kindly: the balloon went up in smoke, the mob wrecked the surroundings and de Moret barely managed to escape with his life.
It was an eventful day, but then Five Fields — the area that would later become Belgravia — was used to witnessing commotion. As did neighbouring Knightsbridge, it sheltered large numbers of robbers, footpads and highwaymen — so much so that the crossing over the now-vanished Westbourne rivulet earned the nickname Bloody Bridge.
The cast of Julian Fellowes’ ITV drama Belgravia. ©Carnival Films / ITV
In 1677, however, a marriage set in motions the wheels that would change Belgravia’s destiny: Mary Davies, heiress to a local 200-acre farm, tied the knot with Sir Thomas Grosvenor, an ancestor of the Dukes of Westminster.
Nearly 150 years after that marriage, Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster, tasked his surveyor, Thomas Cundy, and master builder Thomas Cubitt with the project of devising and developing the former farm into a new Mayfair. They quickly proceeded to turn the area into a ‘City of Palaces’ — a sequence of magnificent stuccoed houses dotted with triangular greens and elegant garden squares.
Ebury Street in the early 20th century.
The new neighbourhood was a hit among the fashionable crowd and, over the course of the 19th century, Grosvenor Place alone became home to the Duke of Grafton, the Duke of Northumberland and the Rothschilds (although, when Lord Hatherton moved there in 1830, his servants warned him that ‘they could not, they said, go into such an unheard-of part of the world,’ according to Edward Walford’s ‘Old and New London’ series).
Grosvenor Gardens Mews North, Belgravia.
Then as now, Belgravia’s crown jewels were the three squares strung like beads along the length of Eccleston Street and Belgrave Place. Chester Square, bound on one side by the forbidding Church of St Michael, is the most understated, but the simplicity of its balconied terraces belies the greatness of its residents — not least Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, who lived at No 24 until her death in 1851, and Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, who spent five years (1940–45) at No 77.
Eaton Square is the largest, its six central gardens surrounded by a triumph of palatial houses, some unashamedly opulent in their profusion of Corinthian columns, others making a profession of modesty with their sober Doric pillars.
Eaton Square, Belgravia.
No fewer than three British Prime Ministers made it their home—Lord John Russell, Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain—but its most famous inhabitants were three actors: Vivien Leigh, Sir Sean Connery and Sir Roger Moore. The Gone with the Wind star moved into a flat at No 54 in 1958, towards the end of her marriage to Laurence Olivier and, although she set aside a room for him, they divorced two years later.
Sir Sean and Sir Roger, who resided at Nos 7 and 22 respectively, are two of Belgravia’s many James Bond connections. Before turning his hand to writing, Ian Fleming himself, then ranking ‘among the world’s worst stockbrokers’, had his bachelor pad in Ebury Street, in a former Baptist school that looked like a Greek temple, where he spent much of his time carousing with the members of Le Cercle Gastronomique, a group of men-about-town he had founded.
However, the palm of Belgravia’s grandest address goes to the eponymous Belgrave Square, whose magnificent, frosted-cream houses stand sentinel around the sculpture-studded gardens.
The square was conceived as the flagship for the estate and didn’t disappoint: it drew the attention of the top echelons of British society, including Queen Victoria, who rented the house at No 36 for her mother, the Duchess of Kent (for the princely sum of £2,000 a year). Dukes, politicians and generals all chose to make the square their home, but, today, only 10 properties remain in private ownership.
Although Belgravia has been the byword for wealth and splendour since its early days, its prettiest streets are perhaps the more unassuming ones: places such as the curvy Wilton Row, with its colourful shutters and window boxes bursting with flowers; Grosvenor Gardens Mews North, a quiet, cobbled mews of yellow- and red-brick houses, tucked behind an archway decorated with the Grosvenor wheatsheaf; and the picturesque, climber-clad Halkin Mews, on the border with Knightsbridge.
The Wilton Arms in Kinnerton Street is a well-established watering hole.
Just around the corner from Halkin Mews stands another local landmark, the unusually named Pantechnicon. Despite its column-encrusted Greek Revival architecture, which could perhaps suggest a past history as a shrine to culture, it actually started life as an emporium and later changed use to furniture, artwork and carriage storage. Its (horse-drawn) removal vans became universally known as pantechs, which is how the word entered the English language.
The building is set to reopen this year as a ‘Japan-meets-Scandinavia’ shopping, design and dining space. It will also have a rooftop bar, from which patrons will enjoy the aerial view of London that the ill-fated balloonist de Moret never managed to see.
Belgravia highlights: Three places to try, post-lockdown
Peggy Porschen — Simply the prettiest cake shop in London (116, Ebury Street)
La Poule au Pot — Recommended by Will Yule of Winkworth both for the food and for the ambience (231, Ebury Street)
Les Senteurs — This family-run perfumery stocks a wide range of scents from boutique fragrance houses (71, Elizabeth Street)
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