How to prune roses

At this time of year, I develop a love/hate relationship with the climbing roses on our house. Some time ago, in this column, I confessed that, for the previous five years or so, I had encouraged our local tree surgeon to simply trim them back with his hedge trimmer in autumn, to leave 6in stems all over. For the first few years, the results were encouraging.

The two days it normally takes me to do the job had been reduced to a couple of hours of someone else’s labours and the scratches and cuts that my face and arms normally endured were a thing of the past. What’s more, the roses themselves seemed little the worse for this cavalier approach and their flowering was unaffected.

Now, however, the roses are looking in need of more drastic action. The moment has come for an overhaul.

You need: loppers, secateurs and optimism. A methodical approach also makes life easier.

• Out comes anything obviously dead brown, crisp stems are a giveaway. Dead wood on roses is notoriously hard, so make sure your loppers are sharp and use them rather than secateurs for any stems that are as thick or thicker than your finger. Cut dead wood back almost flush with the living stem, so as not to leave stubs, which can host fungus diseases.
• A proportion of older ‘live’ wood needs to be removed, too. Many climbing and rambling roses have thick and gnarled stems that are giving rise to younger ones. These can stay, as they’re fulfilling a useful role, but aim to reduce their number, so that younger wood is allowed space the younger, vigorous stems will produce more in the way of flowers.
• Weak and overcrowding stems come next, along with any showing signs of disease mildew, rust or (on remaining leaves) black spot. It’s worth gathering up the fallen leaves from the base of the bush and burning them to prevent disease spores being at large to infect next year’s growth.
• What I look for on my climbers and ramblers (and I make no distinction between the two here) is a good framework of young and vigorous stems that can be spaced out and tied into the horizontal wires that are placed up the wall at 18in intervals. I’ll be aiming to get good coverage, while still allowing 1ft or so between the stems when they’re tied in. All the stems will be shortened at the tips so that they can be fitted into the space available and any sideshoots will be cut back to finger length.
• Stout, plastic-coated wire is ideal to hold the larger stems in place; smaller ones are easier to wrangle with Flexi-Tie, a plastic ‘twine’ that’s enormously useful, as it’s strong, pliable and long-lasting.
• Shrub roses in beds and borders will be pruned at the same time and on roughly the same principle: cutting out dead, diseased, weak and crossing stems and then gently cutting back the tips to reduce wind rock and improve overall shape.